Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was an Austrian neurologist, who was the founder of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness through dialogue between a patient and a therapist. He introduced key psychological concepts like defense mechanisms, and the id, ego, and superego. He also explored the role of dreams and early childhood experiences in shaping human behavior.

His work deeply influenced psychology, literature, art, and modern thought, which remains controversial and widely debated today. Although many of his ideas were revised over time, he laid the foundation for psychotherapy and had an impact on psychology, philosophy, literature, art, and cultural theory.

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